How to read a certificate of analysis

a guide · last updated September 17, 2026

Every jar on our shelf has a lab report behind it. A certificate of analysis, a COA, is what an independent laboratory sends back after it tests a batch. Ours are all on Lab results. They are dense. They were written for the person who paid for the test, not for the person holding the jar. So here is the tour.

The cannabinoid table

This is the part people mean when they say “the lab figures.” Cannabinoids down the left, a percentage or a milligram figure beside each. You will see a column headed LOQ or LOD, the limit of quantitation and the limit of detection. A result under those lines comes back as ND. Not detected. That means the lab could not see it. It does not mean it is certainly absent.

Two rows do the legal work: Delta 9 THC and THCa. What the arithmetic between them means is its own page, THCa and Delta 9 THC, in plain terms.

The safety panels

A full panel adds four more tests. Nobody reads them. Everybody should. Pesticides, heavy metals, residual solvents and microbials. Each is a table of things that should not be in there, with a pass or a fail against a state limit.

Residual solvents only apply to extracts. A jar of ice water hash rosin has nothing for that panel to find, and what “solventless” means explains why. Some reports in our library are cannabinoid tables only, no safety panels attached. That is the supplier’s report exactly as it reached us. Where it is what we have, it is what we show. We would rather show you a thin report than a pretty one we made up.

When the paper and the jar disagree

Tell us. The batch number, the product and what you are reading is enough. Email info@skylandcannabis.com, call (828) 222-4367, or walk up to the counter at 2 Eagle Street. A label that does not match its own paperwork is something we want to know about before the next person buys one. We QC our own product. This is you helping.

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